Stars in small galaxies make plenty of oxygen. The galaxies just can't hang on to it, and a new Hubble study says they lose far more than anyone's computer models predicted.

The irregular dwarf galaxy NGC 4449, with clusters of young blue stars and pink star forming gas, imaged by Hubble. Image: NASA, ESA, Alessandra Aloisi (STScI, ESA), Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, modified