cmd.exe is the classic Windows command interpreter; PowerShell is object-based and newer.
Cmd · Lesson 1 · On the house
cmd vs PowerShell
Know which shell you opened. Lesson 1 is free — on the house.
Lessons · Cmd · Lesson 1 of 10 · On the house
cmd vs PowerShell
Know which shell you opened.

Many old batch files and installers still assume cmd syntax and %VAR% expansion.
Prompt clues: C:> often cmd; PS C:> usually PowerShell.
Do not paste PowerShell-only cmdlets into cmd and expect success.
Use the right tool: cmd for legacy batch; PowerShell for modern admin automation.
vs
echo %COMSPEC%
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